??2011?11??FBI????????????National Gang Intelligence Center ?NGIC????2011?????????????????????????????33000????140?????????????????48%????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????53??
????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
??????Military-Trained Gang Member?MTGM?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
??????????
??NGIC?2015?????????????????????????????????????10%???????????????????????????????MTGM????????????????????????????
????????????????????????????????MTGM?
??2008??2011???????????100??????????????????????????
??NGIC????50???????????????????????????????????????Fort Hood??????????????Fort Leonard Wood????????????Fort Campbell??
?????????????????????????????????????????Carter F. Smith????????????????????????????????Gangs and the MilitaryGangsters, Bikers, and Terrorists with Military Training?2017?9?????????????????????????????????????????